Hess's law cont.; properties of waves (wavelength, frequency, amplitude); relationship of wavelength and frequency; blackbody radiation and the Planck equation; photoelectric effect and photons; Bohr theory of the H atom; de Broglie wave equation

Enthalpy of reaction; enthalpy of formation; using enthalpy of formations to calculate enthalpy of reaction; Hess's law

Enthalpy cont.; using calorimetry to determine heat from a process; heats of formations; standard enthalpy of reaction using heats of formation

Examination Two

Temperature, kinetic energy and molecular speed; intro to thermochemistry (system and surroundings); energy (kinetic and potential); endo- and exothermic; state function; internal energy; enthalpy

Calculating the molar mass and density of an ideal gas; Dalton's law of partial pressures; calculating and using the mole fraction; Graham's law of effusion

Charles' Law; absolute zero and the absolute temperature scale (Kelvin scale); Law of combining volumes and Avogadro's Law; ideal gas law; universal gas constant; conditions of STP and standard molar volume; using ideal gas law including in stoichiometry problems

Solution stoichiometry (using molarity to quantitate precipitation, acid-base, and redox reactions); equivalence point in neutralizations; intro to gases (properties of gases that make them easy to study); pressure and its units; Boyle's law